Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance

Notes

## Bibliographic Reference

Lee, J.D. & See, K.A. (2004) 'Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance', *Human Factors*, 46(1), pp. 50–80. doi: 10.1518/hfes.46.1.50.30392. `lee2004trust`

## BibTeX

```bibtex
@article{lee2004trust,
  author  = {Lee, John D. and See, Katrina A.},
  title   = {Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance},
  journal = {Human Factors},
  volume  = {46},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {50--80},
  year    = {2004},
  doi     = {10.1518/hfes.46.1.50.30392}
}
```

## Routing

- **Primary KB**: human-centered-design-kb (trust in automation, appropriate reliance, supervisory control) — the canonical trust-calibration reference flagged in the cognitive-limits research queue; the existing trust-in-automation article (Aalberg & Kongsvik 2026 `aalberg2026trust`) maps to this model
- **Cross-links**: artificial-intelligence-kb (trust in AI, human-AI teaming), remote-operations-kb (operator reliance on automated systems)
- **Compiles to**: pending — extends [[trust-in-automation]]; candidate for a dedicated trust-calibration / appropriate-reliance article

## Notes

Canonical review (cited thousands of times) defining trust in automation and the goal of *appropriate reliance* — trust calibrated to the automation's true capabilities, avoiding both misuse (over-trust) and disuse (under-trust, per Parasuraman & Riley 1997). Integrates organizational, sociological, interpersonal, psychological and neurological perspectives into a conceptual model linking context, automation characteristics (analytic/analogical/affective processes) and display design. HIGH-priority wanted source from `Outputs/2026-06-01_cognitive-limits-sources-research-queue.md` (Priority 4). Originally placed in the AI KB on ingestion (2026-06-02); moved to HCD the same day as the better-fitting home. Pairs with Parasuraman, Sheridan & Wickens (2000) `parasuraman2000model`.

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Notes