Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse

Notes

Parasuraman, R. and Riley, V. (1997) 'Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse', *Human Factors*, 39(2), pp. 230–253. doi: 10.1518/001872097778543886. Foundational review article defining four patterns of human interaction with automation: use (voluntary engagement, shaped by trust, workload, risk, self-confidence), misuse (overreliance — automation bias, monitoring failures), disuse (neglect, driven by false-alarm-prone alerts and base-rate neglect), and abuse (technology-centred deployment by designers/managers that ignores human-performance consequences). Advocates human-centred automation. RAW PDF carries a journal-page offset: PDF p. N = orig. printed p. 228+N (PDF p. 2 = orig. p. 230).

```bibtex
@article{parasuraman1997humans,
  author  = {Parasuraman, Raja and Riley, Victor},
  title   = {Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse},
  journal = {Human Factors},
  year    = {1997},
  volume  = {39},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {230--253},
  doi     = {10.1518/001872097778543886}
}
```

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