From Desk to Field — Human Factor Issues in Remote Monitoring and Controlling of Autonomous Unmanned Vessels

Notes

Man, Y., Lundh, M., Porathe, T. and MacKinnon, S. (2015) 'From Desk to Field — Human Factor Issues in Remote Monitoring and Controlling of Autonomous Unmanned Vessels', *Procedia Manufacturing*, 3, pp. 2674–2681. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.635. Compiled into [[shore-control-centre-situation-awareness-munin]].

A scenario-based study within the EU MUNIN project on how an operator at a Shore Control Center (SCC) builds situation awareness (SA) while remotely monitoring autonomous unmanned vessels. Five master mariners/engineers ran five scenarios in a mock SCC; think-aloud, observation, and interview data were analysed with grounded theory against Endsley's SA model and the "harmony" (ship-sense) framework. The analysis maps harmony onto the three SA levels in a tetrahedral model, identifies four desk-to-field discrepancies (D1–D4) plus an organisational fifth (D5/Gap 5), and concludes that the SCC alarm and information system must be far more proactive than an onboard bridge and must not simply replicate the bridge. Born-digital PDF (MS Word), clean text layer, OCR ok.

**Source-version note.** The RAW PDF is the **accepted-manuscript proof** — its footer carries the placeholder `Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2015) 000–000`, so the file itself shows **no volume, folios, or DOI**. The published record (verified via ScienceDirect, article PII S2351978915006368) is *Procedia Manufacturing* **3 (2015), pp. 2674–2681, doi 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.635**; those details are used in the citation above and are confirmed, not estimated.

**Pagination note.** The proof carries internal manuscript page numbers 1–8 (PDF p. N = manuscript p. N). The published folios differ by a fixed offset (orig. p. = PDF p. + 2673), so e.g. PDF p. 5 = orig. p. 2678. Locators in the article give **both** the PDF page and the published `orig.` page.

**Filename note.** Renamed from the inbox submission-ID filename `Man_Yemao_558.pdf` to a descriptive kebab-case name. First-author surname is **Man** (title-page form "Yemao Man").

**Reading note.** The author writes American "Center"/"Human-Center" and the keyword typo "Awarenss"; preserve verbatim in direct quotes.

**Routing note.** Owned by remote-operations-kb: shore control centre, remote monitoring of autonomous vessels, SA at distance, and alarm management are core focus areas. Cross-relevant to maritime-domain-kb and human-centered-design-kb; those link rather than duplicate.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{man2015deskfield,
  author    = {Man, Yemao and Lundh, Monica and Porathe, Thomas and MacKinnon, Scott},
  title     = {From Desk to Field --- Human Factor Issues in Remote Monitoring and Controlling of Autonomous Unmanned Vessels},
  booktitle = {Procedia Manufacturing (6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, AHFE 2015)},
  volume    = {3},
  pages     = {2674--2681},
  year      = {2015},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.635},
  issn      = {2351-9789},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  note      = {RAW file is the accepted-manuscript proof; published folios from ScienceDirect (PII S2351978915006368)}
}
```

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